Learning About Sun Damage and Your Child's Skin
How does the sun affect your child's skin?
Most kids love to play outdoors in the sun. It can be good for them. But getting too much of the ultraviolet
(UV) rays in sunlight damages skin cells, which can lead to skin cancer later in life. And too much tanning,
by the sun or from indoor tanning, can cause future wrinkles and discolored skin.
People get most of their lifetime sun exposure in their first 18 years. Some of the damage done by UV rays
during childhood might not appear for many years in the future. But you can help prevent it by protecting your
child from the sun and teaching healthy habits now.
Age and skin type affect how easily your child becomes sunburned. A child's skin is more sensitive to
sunlight. And the lighter your child's skin is, the more easily it can be damaged by the sun. But everyone can
benefit from protecting their skin from the sun, regardless of skin color.
The amount of skin damage your child can get from sunlight depends on:
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The time of day. Your child is more likely to get a sunburn in the middle of the day when the sun is most
intense. You might think that exposure to the sun isn't a problem on cloudy days, but the sun's UV rays can
still pass through clouds.
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Whether your child is near reflective surfaces, such as water, white sand, concrete, snow, or ice. All of
these reflect the sun's UV rays.
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The season of the year. The intense sunlight of summer days can cause more damage than the sunlight in
other seasons.
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Altitude. It's easy to get sunburned at higher altitudes. That's because there's less of the earth's
atmosphere to block the sunlight. UV exposure increases in elevation.
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How close you are to the equator (latitude). The closer you are to the equator, the more direct sunlight
passes through the atmosphere. For example, the southern United States gets more sunlight than the northern
United States.
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The UV index of the day, which shows the risk of getting a sunburn that day.
How can you protect your child's skin from the sun?
Most damage to the skin can be prevented. Use the following tips to protect your child's skin.
Avoid exposure to the sun
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Keep babies younger than 6 months out of the sun.
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Have your child spend as little time as possible in direct sunlight between 10 in the morning and 4 in the
afternoon. Try to keep your child in the shade.
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Have your child wear clothing that blocks the sun. This can be a wide-brimmed hat that covers the neck,
ears, eyes, and scalp. It can also include loose-fitting, tightly-woven clothes that cover the arms and
legs.
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Have your child wear sunglasses that block UV rays.
Apply sunscreen to exposed skin
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Always put sunscreen on your child's exposed skin. Make sure to use a broad-spectrum sunscreen that has a
sun protection factor (SPF) of 30 or higher. Use it every day, even when it is cloudy.
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Apply sunscreen at least 30 minutes before your child goes out in the sun. Put on more every 2 to 3 hours
while your child is in the sun and after your child sweats a lot or swims.
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Take extra care to protect your child's skin when near water, at higher elevations, or in tropical
climates.
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Use a broad-spectrum lip balm or cream that has SPF of 30 to protect your child's lips from getting
sunburned.
Current as of: November 16, 2023
Content Version: 14.0
Care instructions adapted under license by your
healthcare professional. If you have questions about a medical condition or this instruction, always ask
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