Vasovagal Syncope in Children: Care Instructions

Vasovagal syncope (say "vay-zoh-VAY-gul SING-kuh-pee") is sudden dizziness or fainting that can be set off by things such as pain, stress, fear, or trauma. Your child may sweat or feel lightheaded, sick to their stomach, or tingly. This is the most common cause of fainting. It's usually not harmful and not a sign of a more serious problem.

Vasovagal syncope causes the heart rate to slow and the blood vessels to widen, or dilate, for a short time. When this happens, blood pools in the lower body. Less blood goes to the brain.

This type of fainting is often easy to predict. For example, it happens to some people when they see blood or have to get a shot. They may feel symptoms before they faint.

An episode of vasovagal syncope usually responds well to self-care. Other treatment often isn't needed. But if the fainting keeps happening, your child’s doctor may suggest further treatments.

• Your child can usually get relief by lying down with their legs raised (elevated). This helps more blood flow to the brain and may help relieve symptoms like dizziness. Some doctors recommend a technique that involves tensing the fists and arms. Talk to your child’s doctor about what to do if the symptoms come back.
• Your child's doctor may recommend extra salt and water. Eating salty snacks like pretzels or crackers and drinking plenty of water throughout the day can help the body hold onto fluid and prevent blood pressure from dropping too low. If your child has high blood pressure or kidney, heart, or liver disease, talk with their doctor before increasing salt or fluid intake.
• Help your child try to avoid things that may set off vasovagal syncope.
• Talk to your child’s doctor about any medicines your child takes. Some medicines may increase the chance of syncope.

Call 911anytime you think your child may need emergency care. For example, call if:

• Your child has symptoms of a heart problem. These may include:
  • Chest pain or pressure.
  • Severe trouble breathing.
  • A fast or irregular heartbeat.

Watch closely for changes in your child’s health, and be sure to contact the doctor if:

• Your child has more episodes of fainting at home.
• Your child does not get better as expected.