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卵巢囊肿

囊肿通常是一个充满液体的液囊,就像一个小水球。囊肿基本上是无害的,很多会自行消失。它们的生长通常很慢。其大小不定,小的如豌豆,大的超过西柚。很多根本不会产生症状。通常只在盆腔检查时才会感觉到。卵巢囊肿一般不是癌症(良性)。   

功能性囊肿

功能性囊肿

功能性囊肿是一种最常见的囊肿。当卵泡不能排出成熟的卵子或在排出卵子后继续生长时,就会形成功能性囊肿。功能性囊肿通常每次只发生在一个卵巢上。它们在 1 到 3 个月后往往会自行缩小。在罕见的情况下,囊肿会裂开(破裂),引起疼痛。疼痛也可能是由于囊肿生长而使胀大的卵巢扭曲所引起。 

皮样囊肿

皮样囊肿

有时天生的细胞会开始长成不同类型的组织,比如皮肤、脂肪、头发和牙齿。这种囊肿称为皮样囊肿。皮样囊肿可在一个或两个卵巢上生长。它们往往没有症状,但如果发生泄漏或者卵巢扭曲,就会引起剧痛。

子宫内膜瘤

子宫内膜瘤

有时,类似于子宫粘膜(子宫内膜)的组织会长成卵巢的一部分。这种囊肿因其深褐色而称为巧克力囊肿。这些囊肿可在一个或两个卵巢上生长。它们通常会引起疼痛,特别是在月经期间或性交时。

良性囊腺瘤

良性囊腺瘤

如果卵巢周围的包膜生长,就会形成囊腺瘤。这些囊肿可在一个或两个卵巢上生长。它们在很小时往往没有症状,但在变大后,就会压迫卵巢附近的器官,引起疼痛。它们也会拉伸卵巢囊而引起疼痛。推压膀胱的囊肿可引起尿频。有时这些囊肿会裂开出血。

癌(恶性)囊肿

这些囊肿可能侵入其他组织或传播到身体的其他部位。

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