什麼是肺炎？

肺炎是一種嚴重的肺部感染。它會影響單肺或雙肺。許多肺炎病例是由細菌或病毒引起的。真菌也可能引起肺炎，但這並不常見。

您可能會因感冒、流感或支氣管炎等疾病而患上肺炎。患肺炎風險最高的人群包括嬰兒、兒童、老年人、吸煙者以及長期（慢性）健康問題或免疫系統薄弱的人。

肺炎使得細支氣管和肺泡囊黏液堆積並引發炎症。

健康的肺

空氣通過稱為氣道的管道進出肺部。
這些管道分支成較小的通道，稱為細支氣管。它們的末端是被稱為肺泡的小囊。
肺泡周圍的血管將氧氣帶入血液。同時，肺泡從血液中去除二氧化碳（廢氣）。然後呼出二氧化碳。

當您患有肺炎

肺炎導致細支氣管和肺泡充滿過多的黏液或膿並發炎。
您身體的反應可能是咳嗽。這可以幫助清除液體。
您咳出的液體（黏液）可能呈綠色或暗黃色。
過多的黏液可能使您感到呼吸急促。
炎症和感染可能會使您發燒。

有什麼症狀？

肺炎的症狀可以毫無徵兆地出現。起初，您可能認為您得了感冒或流感。但是症狀可能會迅速惡化，變成肺炎。細菌性肺炎和病毒性肺炎的症狀可能不同。症狀可能輕微的或嚴重的。常見症狀包括：

嚴重咳嗽，伴有綠色或黃色痰液，沒有好轉，或變得更糟
發燒與打寒顫
胃不適（噁心）、嘔吐和腹瀉
食慾不振
正常的日常活動會出現呼吸急促
心率加快
吸氣或咳嗽時胸痛或不適
頭痛
大量出汗和皮膚溼冷
嚴重勞累（疲勞）

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什麼是肺炎？

健康的肺

當您患有肺炎

有什麼症狀？

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