什么是肺炎？

肺炎一种严重的肺部感染疾病。它会对单肺或双肺产生影响。许多肺炎病例是由细菌或病毒引起的。真菌也可能引起肺炎，但这种情况并不常见。

您可能会因感冒、流感或支气管炎等疾病而患上肺炎。最容易感染肺炎的群体包括婴儿、儿童、老年人、吸烟人士、长期慢性病患者、免疫系统较弱的人。

因肺炎链球菌而产生积液和炎症的细支气管和肺泡小囊。

健康的肺部

空气通过称为气道的管道进出肺部。
这些管道分支成较小的通道，称为细支气管。末端分布着许多小囊泡，即为肺泡。
氧气通过肺泡周围的血管进入血液。同时，血液中的二氧化碳（废气）经过肺泡筛除出去。即排出二氧化碳。

当您患有肺炎

肺炎导致细支气管和肺泡充满过多的粘液或脓，从而引发炎症。
您可能会出现咳嗽之类的身体反应。这有助于清除液体。
您咳出的液体（粘液）可能呈绿色或暗黄色。
多余的粘液可能会让您感到呼吸困难。
炎症和感染会导致发烧。

症状有哪些？

肺炎的症状可能在没有警告的情况下出现。最开始，您以为自己感冒或患有流感。但症状可能会迅速恶化，变成肺炎。细菌性肺炎和病毒性肺炎的症状可能有所不同。症状可轻可重。常见症状可能包括：

严重咳嗽，伴有绿色或黄色粘液，无法改善或变得更糟糕
发烧和发冷
胃部不适（恶心）、呕吐或腹泻
食欲不振
日常活动中会感觉呼吸急促
心率增加
呼吸或咳嗽时胸痛或不适
头痛
大量出汗，皮肤湿冷
严重疲倦（疲劳）

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什么是肺炎？

健康的肺部

当您患有肺炎

症状有哪些？

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