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什么是骨关节炎?

关节炎是指一个或多个关节发炎或肿胀。关节是身体中两处或多处骨头连接在一起的形式。大约有 100 种不同类型的关节炎。关节炎可能会导致关节旁的组织出现问题。其中包括肌肉、肌腱和韧带。而且,某些类型的关节炎会影响到整个身体。

骨关节炎 (OA) 又称为磨损性关节炎。这是最常见的关节炎类型。罹患骨关节炎时,软骨会遭到磨损。软骨是在关节内覆盖骨骼末端的光滑组织。它起缓冲作用。使其能够顺畅地相互滑动。如果软骨遭受磨损,骨骼之间会产生摩擦,会导致关节疼痛、肿胀和僵硬。

正常膝盖的前视图。
正常膝盖
显示骨关节炎的膝盖前视图。
膝关节炎

骨关节炎会有什么影响?

研究人员尚不清楚引发关节组织损坏或导致关节组织开始损坏的因素是什么。但随着骨关节炎的发展,它会损害关节的所有部位,包括:

  • 软骨,即覆盖两根骨头连接处形成关节的组织

  • 肌腱和韧带

  • 关节的衬里(滑膜)

  • 骨头

  • 半月板(骨头之间的一种软骨)

风险因子

骨关节炎的风险因素包括:

  • 肥胖

  • 40 岁以上

  • 关节损伤既往史

  • 患有炎性关节炎

  • 过度关节使用

  • 骨关节炎家族史

症状

骨关节炎会对任何关节产生影响。最经常受到影响的是负重关节。其中包括臀部和膝盖。常见症状是关节疼痛和僵硬。不活动或过度使用会使得更严重。您早上醒来发现第一件事就是关节僵硬,历时通常不到 30 分钟。或者您保持坐姿很长一段时间后也可能会感觉关节僵硬。如果您走得比平时多,您的髋部或膝盖可能会更疼。

其他常见症状包括:

  • 肌肉虚弱

  • 关节不稳定或歪斜

  • 关节活动时相互摩擦或发出噼啪声

  • 关节肿胀或肿大呈包状

  • 关节或无法弯曲和伸直(活动范围减小)。

如果您有任何这些关节变化,请咨询您的医疗保健人员。您们可以共同制定治疗计划。帮助减轻您的关节疼痛和僵硬状况。防止您的症状加重。

Online Medical Reviewer: Marianne Fraser MSN RN
Online Medical Reviewer: Rajadurai Samnishanth
Online Medical Reviewer: Rita Sather RN
© 2000-2026 The StayWell Company, LLC. All rights reserved. This information is not intended as a substitute for professional medical care. Always follow your healthcare professional's instructions.
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