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节育:IUD(宫内节育器)

IUD(宫内节育器)小巧、具有柔性且呈 T 形。训练有素的医疗保健人员将它放入子宫。IUD 是最有效的节育方法之一。它也是可逆的。这意味着它可以随时被训练有素的医疗保健人员摘下。新 IUD 是安全的,没有旧类型 IUD 的风险。

子宫和阴道横截面,显示宫内节育器在子宫内的位置。

怀孕率

请向您的医疗保健人员咨询这种节育方法的有效性。

IUD 的类型

插入 IUD 在医疗保健人员的诊室内完成。IUD 有两种类型:

  • 铜 IUD 向子宫内释放少量铜。铜使精子更难到达卵子。该装置至少可以使用 10 年。

  • 孕激素 IUD 释放一种叫做孕激素的激素。它会引起子宫变化,有助于防止怀孕。该装置可使用 3 至 8 年,取决于选择哪种装置。可能推荐给患有贫血或月经过多且疼痛的女性。

IUD 带有细绳,从子宫开口垂入阴道。这可以让您检查 IUD 是否在原位。

IUD 须知

  • 从未怀孕的妇女,或有性传播传染病 (STI) 或输卵管妊娠史的妇女可以使用 IUD。

  • 它不会从子宫移动到身体的任何其他部位。

  • 装置有轻微的从阴道中掉出的风险(排出)。

  • 它可能对子宫形状异常的女性无效。

  • 铜 IUD 可能会导致月经加重和痉挛性疼痛。

  • 孕激素 IUD 可能会导致月经量少或根本没有月经(在最初的 3 到 6 个月可能有不规则出血或点状出血,这是正常现象)。

  • 如果您在放置 IUD 的情况下感染了性传播疾病,症状可能会更严重。

向医疗保健提供者报告哪些问题

如果患有以下疾病,请务必告知您的医疗保健人员:

  • 性传播传染病 (STI) 或可能的 STI

  • 肝脏问题

  • 血栓(仅适用于孕激素 IUD)

  • 乳腺癌或乳腺癌病史(仅适用于孕激素 IUD)

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