Understanding Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious medical illness. It can make close relationships hard to maintain, and it may cause the affected person and their loved ones great pain. But BPD can be treated, and the symptoms can be eased. If a loved one has signs of BPD, start by talking to a doctor or a mental health professional. Either one can offer guidance and support.

People with BPD want to be loved, yet they push others away. The relationships they do have are stormy. People with BPD can fly into rages for no apparent reason. Sometimes they just feel the need to lash out. At other times, they may feel out of touch with life. And the way they see themselves may change often. Their values, beliefs, and goals also may change.

The cause of BPD isn't fully known. Many factors most likely play a role. Some people with BPD may have been abused as children. Others may have suffered trauma, neglect, or been abandoned. And some may have serious head injuries. BPD may also be tied to certain genes. It seems to run in families.

Counseling (psychotherapy) is the main treatment for BPD. Working with a therapist, a person with BPD can learn how best to cope with problems. They can also learn ways to control their feelings. Medicines can help control specific symptoms associated with depression and anxiety. Still, it may take a while before symptoms get better. But don't lose hope. In time, your loved one can have a more healthy and happy life.

Many things in a person's daily life impact their health. This can include transportation, money problems, housing, access to food, and child care. If they can't get to medical appointments, they may not receive the care they need. When money is tight, it may be hard to pay for medicines. And living far from a grocery store can make it hard to buy healthy food.

If there are concerns in any of these or other areas, talk with the person's care team. They may know of local resources. Or they may have a staff person who can help.

• Intense fears of being left alone and frantic efforts to prevent it
• A pattern of stormy relationships
• A self-image that changes often
• Actions that cause harm, such as using drugs or alcohol
• Wide mood swings
• Intense anger or outbursts
• Feelings of being out of touch with life
• Thoughts of suicide or of harming themself
• Chronic feelings of emptiness

• National Institute of Mental Health at www.nimh.nih.gov or 866-615-6464
• National Alliance on Mental Illness at www.nami.org or 800-950-6264; text “helpline” to 62640 to chat online. In a crisis, call or text 988.
• Mental Health America at www.nmha.org or 800-969-6642
• National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at www.suicidepreventionlifeline.org or 800-273-TALK (800-273-8255)