Learning About Geographic Tongue

Geographic tongue is an inflammatory condition. It causes bald, irregular, red patches surrounded by white borders on the tongue. The patches usually appear on the top and sides of the tongue, on areas where the tongue has lost its papillae. Papillae, which look like small bumps, are what normally cover the tongue’s surface.

Geographic tongue gets its name because the patches tend to look like a map. Anyone can get this condition. It may look alarming, but it’s harmless. And it can’t be spread to other people.

No one knows for sure what causes it. It may be linked to certain skin problems such as psoriasis and eczema. Allergies and asthma also may play a role. Other things that may cause it include hormones, not having enough of certain vitamins and minerals, stress, and diabetes.

Usually there are no symptoms. Sometimes it can cause tongue pain and sensitivity to certain foods, like spices, salt, and sweets.

It’s common to have several patches. Sometimes they disappear for a time and then come back.

Because it's harmless, it usually doesn't need treatment. But you may get medicine if you have symptoms. Talk to a dentist or doctor if you have tongue pain or discomfort. In some cases, they may prescribe numbing or anti-inflammatory medicines to help ease symptoms. They may also recommend avoiding alcohol, acidic fruits and drinks, and hot, spicy, and sour foods.